This study provides a risk and protective factor profile for adolescent bullying victimization. Key risk and protective factors were identified across demographics with findings underscoring the important role of family relationships, social inclusion, and demographic variables in bullying victimization. These resulting risk and protective factor profiles emphasize the need for prevention programming that addresses family dynamics and social support. Future research should expand to diverse geographical areas and include longitudinal data to better understand causal relationships.
These terms refer to the level of detail or extent to which data is analyzed and interpreted. Two methods, Average Information Gain (AIG) and SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) 20, were used to ascertain the importance of the different features (survey questions) to the final model predictions. Since these methods differ in how feature importance scores are computed, the ranked order of important features might not be the same for both methods. Both methods are used to create an interpretable and robust understanding of the most important survey questions for the predictive model. A graphic scale is a visual representation of the scale using a line or bar marked with distance values.
This widespread application demonstrates the SDM’s relevance in prevention science for addressing adolescent social morbidities. Additionally, a plethora of studies have shown that strong family relationships can be a significant protective factor against bullying and victimization. Positive home environments, including maternal and sibling Coding warmth, help adolescents develop resiliency that reduces the chances of being bullied 25. Having little parental conflicts has been shown to be a resilience factor to prevent or lessen the effects of bullying 26. Research shows a significant positive correlation between a family setting with incivility and online bullying perpetration 27.
Each scale has a distinct pattern of intervals and is widely used in music composition and improvisation. A scale, also called a balance, is a device used to measure weight or mass. Scales are used in a variety of applications such as weighing objects or substances in scientific experiments, measuring ingredients in cooking, and weighing people or objects for various purposes. multi-scale analysis When I first went to Brazil for my research, I lived in a wealthy White neighborhood in São Paulo. I soon realized that everywhere around me were White people who looked Italian or Portuguese. The only Black or brown-skinned people there worked as domestics, doormen, or day laborers.
Meanwhile, bullying within the family between siblings increases the likelihood of the victim of being targeted by peer bullies as well 28. The macro scale looks at larger societal and cultural patterns and institutions. The macro scale looks at larger societal and cultural factors that influence behavior and mental processes. The meso scale examines the dynamics of small-scale social groups and communities. The micro scale focuses on the behaviors and interactions of individuals within a social context.
It includes different levels such as local, regional, national, or global. The scale of analysis impacts the conclusions and outcomes based on the data presented. It allows for a comprehensive understanding based on the level of examination and interpretation. Scale has a significant impact on geography as it influences the way we perceive, analyze, and understand the Earth’s features and phenomena. Different scales of analysis result in different observations and conclusions, leading to variations in interpretations. It helps geographers uncover patterns, relationships, and trends at different levels, enabling a comprehensive study of spatial processes and complexities.
Scale of Analysis refers to the level of detail or scope at which geographical data is examined, influencing the patterns and relationships observed. It can range from local, regional, to global perspectives, shaping how spatial phenomena are interpreted and understood. In statistics, scale refers to the ways in which variables or numbers are defined and categorized.
If data is shown on a map, then describing the spatial pattern accurately and with precision is critical for analysis. If the data is presented in a graph or chart, describing the variables and trends on the graph or chart is very important for an accurate interpretation. A different comparison of data on one scale to data on a different set of scales can result in a flawed analysis. For example, if the median household income in the United States is $50,000, it does not necessarily follow that the median household income in every state or county is $50,000. Scale and scale analysis are two related concepts in geography that refer to different aspects of measurement and analysis.